Respiratory complications remain one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in infants and children, especially in developing countries. Socio-demographic, economic, nutritional and environmental factors contribute to the global burden of paediatric respiratory disease. Acute and chronic respiratory disease places a substantial burden on the healthcare system, with increased hospitalisations, as well as a burden on the family and child, with associated impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Understanding disease processes and the specific effect these have on children and their families can lead to improved diagnosis, treatment and preventative strategies being implemented in this unique and vulnerable population group. Increased research, awareness, education and capacity can therefore alleviate the global burden of respiratory disease, particularly in the African context.

Clinical practice guidelines and systematic reviews in the management of NMD, cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis and acute lower respiratory tract infections for children have been developed. Physiotherapists with special interest and expertise in paediatric cardiorespiratory physiotherapy will share their clinical experience within the context of these guidelines and standards of care as well the role of physiotherapists in improving HRQoL of patients with respiratory diseases.

Africa as a continent has specific challenges when it comes to healthcare but can also provide innovative solutions. The use/implementation of evidence-based practice guidelines within the African context will be outlined and discussed.